The varicose veins of the lower ends are a persistent and irreversible expansion and the extension of the veins, which occur due to serious changes in their walls, as well as the insufficiency of their valve apparatus due to a genetic defect.
The preparation of women is explained by a cyclical increase in the extension of the walls of the veins with an increase in the concentration of hormonal progesterone.
Reasons
The primary factors of the varicose veins are the hereditary weakness of the vascular wall.
In addition, human life style is of great importance in pathogenesis:
- long work, standing or sitting;
- Lack of regular physical effort;
- weight lifting;
- Reception of drugs containing estrogen.
The risk of varicose veins of the veins of the lower ends increases with age.But more and more patients are less than 30 years old.
Manifestations of varicose veins
Very often, with varicose veins, patients are worried about the feeling of gravity, burst, heat, itching of the skin, "anxiety" in the legs and painful pain, pulsating in the calf muscles.A characteristic characteristic of these signs is their appearance after a prolonged position.As a rule, unpleasant sensations are going completely or their intensity is significantly reduced when walking, in a liar position, after a night of rest or when using medical compression products.
An important sign of the disease are cramps in the calf muscles, usually that occur at night.
The subcutaneous veins are expanding in the form of convincing blue conglomerates along the lower part of the leg and the thigh.Unfortunately, there is an opinion that vascular stars are a manifestation of varicose veins.But it is worth noting that this is not an absolute sign of the disease and in many respects a purely cosmetic problem.These signs can be on the skin with varicose veins, but for the most part they are also found in healthy people.
As varicose veins develop, violations of the skin of the lower part of the leg develop.Initially, excess coloring areas occur, a little later the subcutaneous tissue and the skin are compact, the latter acquires a characteristic "lacquered" appearance.At the center of the painted area of the skin, in response to a minimum lesion, a small white area recalls the drops of Starin.This is the atrophy of the white skin so called, after which an ulcend trophic opens.
The violation of the skin of the skin is a sign of chronic venous deficiency, which also includes symmetrical edema on the legs.
Diagnostics
Ultrasound scan (color Duplex scanning; Triplex scan) - "Gold Standard" in the diagnosis of varicose veins of the veins of the lower limbs.A ultrasound specialist must necessarily examine the ships of the legs on both sides.Evaluate their diameter, compressibility, the characteristics of the bloodstream and the value of reflux (reverse blood flow).The evaluation of the work of the valves VA is carried out not only in the patient's position as he mentions, but also standing.
Treatment of varicose veins of the lower ends
The same symptoms can be signs of various diseases and the disease may not occur according to the textbook.Don't try to be treated by yourself: consult your doctor.
The modern treatment of varicose veins includes surgery, sclerotherapy, compression treatment and the use of various drugs.
Operation
Surgical treatment is the only way to reliably improve the quality of life, reduce the risks of complications and the probability of recurrence of the disease.It consists in removing varicose veins.There are 2 types of interventions:
- Thermal prison - Minimally invasive treatment method (without cuts) using a laser sensor or radio frequency;
- Traditional surgery involves the excision of varicose veins.Currently, the technique of these interventions is sufficiently elaborated and allows to obtain a good functional and cosmetic result.
Separately considered sclerotherapy as a surgical treatment method.Completely successfully and in some cases (the initial stages of varicose veins) replace surgery.The procedure is the introduction of a special drug in a varicose vein, which pastes it from the inside.
Compression treatment of varicose veins
Elastic bands: pros and cons of
Compression therapy is a mandatory component of any method of treatment of varicose veins and the most effective method to prevent it.
For compression treatment, elastic bandages are often used, which, depending on the degree of stretching, are divided into 3 classes:
- short (overlap of a bandage not exceeding 70 % of the initial size);
- media (interval of increasing initial length with lengthening in the 70-140 %interval);
- Long extensibility (140 % and higher).
The lessons are mandatory indicated on the packaging of the bandage and are the necessary feature for the correct choice of the product.
It is recommended to use long extensibility bandages in the closest postoperative period in order to stop the blood and the reliable fixation of the bandage.To ensure the optimal therapeutic compression regime, the short and medium extendability bandages are more suitable.
When using elastic bandages, the following rules should be followed:
- The bandage is applied, which involves the foot "on yourself", to prevent the formation of folds in the ankle area, which can damage the skin during movement;
- Binting always starts from the joints of the fingers of the foot and capture the heel;
- The pressure of the bandage must weaken without hitches from the ankle to the thigh;
- The bandage roll is not touched, while in the immediate vicinity of the skin;
- The modeling of the cylindrical profile of the limb is obtained by positioning foam or latex swabs.
Most patients with varicose veins should use an elastic bandage during the day, applying it the morning before lifting from the bed and shooting the night before night rest.For the treatment of trophic ulcers, it is possible to use bandages of multilayer compression bands, not removed for a long time, while directly with the affected area of the skin of the lower part of the leg is contacted by bandages impregnated with pharmacological substances (wewatin of zinc and other condiments).
Despite the high efficiency, the compression treatment with elastic bandages has evident disadvantages: causing physical and aesthetic inconveniences, moreover, is very difficult for the elderly not embellishing, observing all the rules.
Compression knitwear
The special compression knitwear gains large popularity.It is represented by socks to the lower, medium and superior thighs, as well as tights (including special tights for pregnant women) of four compression classes.
This shirt clothing is made of cotton, natural rubber - elastan and synthetic rubber.Natural fibers are optimal for sensitive and interested (varicose eczema, dermatitis, trophic disorders) of the skin.As for the synthetic fibers, their advantages are a small diameter and a variety of colors that allow a medical knitwear with high aesthetic properties.
Drug therapy of varicose veins
The main objectives of drug therapy are the elimination of the subjective symptoms of venous insufficiency, as well as the prevention and reduction of the severity of the side effects after surgical interventions.
One of the most commonly prescribed drugs are the drugs with the diosmina of active substance.Usually, a week after the start of his reception, a positive dynamic appear: night cramps, pain, severity, decrease in swelling.It is believed that the minimum duration of the course should be at least 2 months.In serious forms of varicose veins, the intake of the drug can be continued up to six months or more.
Ointments and gel
The simplicity of use and the relative economy of ointments and gels make them very popular between patients and doctors.A serious disadvantage of the unsuccessful use of local drugs is a high frequency of skin complications in the form of peeling, dermatitis and eczema caused by the increase in sensitivity with prolonged use of the same remedy.
Therefore, it is not extremely recommended to use local drugs (ointments, gel, cream) as prevention and in the absence of symptoms of a chronic vein disease.
Eparin -based products are some of the popular drugs.Used 3-4 times a day.At the beginning of use, light skin irritations and peeling phenomenon in the places of use of the drug are possible.
Additional therapy
In the Russian Federation, the physiotherapy methods of the treatment are widespread.To combat these symptoms of the varicose veins of the lower ends such as pain and cramps in the calf muscles, you can use the method of stimulating electrical muscles.Other methods of physiotherapy have no evidence of the effectiveness of the treatment of this disease.
Prevention of varicose veins
The rational organization of work and rest is necessary for all patients in varicose veins.This category of patients is not recommended for the work associated with a long stay in the location or seat position, raise weights and the effects of the high temperatures.At work and home, they need a periodic holiday with 15-20 degrees raised with an angle of 15-20 degrees (during sleep it is recommended to lift the bed foot above the level of the heart), rational nutrition, excluding the consumption of spicy and salty foods, as well as alcohol.Body weight should be strictly controlled, since obesity leads to the progression of the disease.
In conditions of elastic compression, mobile sports (skiing, cycling) are allowed, however, the optimal conditions for venous outflow and muscle training of the lower limbs are provided by swimming.